Although increasingly rare, disk corruptions can occur due to a variety of unique causes.
Whether caused by hard disk or transient memory errors, corruptions can occur within the
file system’s metadata, which links physical disk blocks to virtual data. To restore access to the
corrupted data, Windows must isolate and correct the issue using the chkdsk tool. Windows
8 vastly improves the resolution time of system errors by implementing a new NTFS health
model and Check Disk resolution strategies.
Key design changes
In previous versions of the Windows operating system, NTFS implemented a simple health
model which indicated two states for a volume; healthy or not. In this health model, the
corrupted volume had to be taken offline for however long was necessary to resolve the issue.
The downtime of the volume was directly proportional to its number of files, which for some
systems was quite large. Windows Vista and Windows 7 made significant improvements to this
process that ultimately decreased the resolution time. However, with hard drive capacities rapidly
expanding, using the current resolution method has spanned several hours in some cases.
A redesigned NTFS health model and chkdsk was necessary to correlate with the rapidly
expanding storage capacities. The new chkdsk design makes administrators aware of file system
health at all times and provides convenient scheduled resolution with nearly zero downtime.
Using this new design, downtime for correcting typical corruptions is less than two seconds.
The correction process is now split into the following phases to ensure coordinated, rapid, and
transparent corruption resolution. Figure 3-5 shows that in the green phases, the volume remains
online. The final phase requires the volume to be offline for only seconds (which is indicated in red).
In the previous model, the entire resolution process would be red rather than the stripe.
New NTFS health model
Unlike the previous two-state model, the redesigned NTFS health model implements four health
states. Some states are for informational purposes only, whereas some require action. The health
states are the following:
state only until the spot verification service verifies the corruption. This state does not
require any user action
In the previous NTFS health model, a user might not know there is a problem until the chkdsk
screen suddenly appeared when booting. To improve transparency and user awareness,
Windows now exposes the current state of the file system and provides repair options via the
Action Center, Explorer, Windows PowerShell “REPAIR-VOLUME” cmdlet, and Server Manager.
These transparencies improve the user experience by providing full resolution control when it
is most convenient.
Whether caused by hard disk or transient memory errors, corruptions can occur within the
file system’s metadata, which links physical disk blocks to virtual data. To restore access to the
corrupted data, Windows must isolate and correct the issue using the chkdsk tool. Windows
8 vastly improves the resolution time of system errors by implementing a new NTFS health
model and Check Disk resolution strategies.
Key design changes
In previous versions of the Windows operating system, NTFS implemented a simple health
model which indicated two states for a volume; healthy or not. In this health model, the
corrupted volume had to be taken offline for however long was necessary to resolve the issue.
The downtime of the volume was directly proportional to its number of files, which for some
systems was quite large. Windows Vista and Windows 7 made significant improvements to this
process that ultimately decreased the resolution time. However, with hard drive capacities rapidly
expanding, using the current resolution method has spanned several hours in some cases.
A redesigned NTFS health model and chkdsk was necessary to correlate with the rapidly
expanding storage capacities. The new chkdsk design makes administrators aware of file system
health at all times and provides convenient scheduled resolution with nearly zero downtime.
Using this new design, downtime for correcting typical corruptions is less than two seconds.
The correction process is now split into the following phases to ensure coordinated, rapid, and
transparent corruption resolution. Figure 3-5 shows that in the green phases, the volume remains
online. The final phase requires the volume to be offline for only seconds (which is indicated in red).
In the previous model, the entire resolution process would be red rather than the stripe.
New NTFS health model
Unlike the previous two-state model, the redesigned NTFS health model implements four health
states. Some states are for informational purposes only, whereas some require action. The health
states are the following:
- Online and healthy This state represents normal operation. In this state, there is nouser action required and no corruptions are detected.
- Online spot verification needed The file system is briefly placed in a transient state
state only until the spot verification service verifies the corruption. This state does not
require any user action
In the previous NTFS health model, a user might not know there is a problem until the chkdsk
screen suddenly appeared when booting. To improve transparency and user awareness,
Windows now exposes the current state of the file system and provides repair options via the
Action Center, Explorer, Windows PowerShell “REPAIR-VOLUME” cmdlet, and Server Manager.
These transparencies improve the user experience by providing full resolution control when it
is most convenient.
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